The Ohio Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project: initial results of a statewide perinatal hypertension quality improvement initiative implemented during the COVID-19 pandemic

BACKGROUND
Hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are a leading cause of severe maternal morbidity and mortality, and studies have shown that more than 60% of cases are preventable. As part of a statewide quality Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project, we adapted the Alliance for Innovation on Maternal Health Severe Hypertension in Pregnancy bundle in a consortium of maternity hospitals in Ohio to improve care processes and outcomes for patients with a severe hypertensive event during pregnancy or the postpartum period.
OBJECTIVE
This study aimed to report the first year of data from this Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project, including an assessment of the process measures by hospital level of maternal care designation, and provide perspective on the unique challenges of implementing a large-scale Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project during a global pandemic.
STUDY DESIGN
This Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project engaged Ohio level 1 to 4 maternity hospitals and provided multimodal quality improvement support. Participating hospitals submitted monthly patient-level data, which included all cases of new-onset sustained severe hypertension. The primary process measure was the proportion of birthing people in Ohio with sustained severe hypertension who received treatment with appropriate acute antihypertensive therapy within 60 minutes. The secondary process measures included receipt of a follow-up appointment after hospital discharge within 72 hours (if discharged on medication) or 10 days (if discharged without medication), a blood pressure cuff on hospital discharge, and education about urgent maternal warning signs. Data for primary and secondary process measures were plotted on a biweekly basis, and statistical process control methods were used to identify special cause variation over time. Data were stratified by various demographic variables, including race or ethnicity, insurance status, and maternal level of care. To assess the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on this Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project, process measure data were compared with COVID-19 case volume in Ohio across the study epoch.
RESULTS
A total of 29 hospitals participated in the project from July 2020 to September 2021. Data were collected on 4948 hypertensive events representing 4678 unique patients. In aggregate, the primary process measure (timely and appropriate treatment) demonstrated a 19.3% increase (from a baseline of 56.5% to 67.4%; P<.001). The secondary process measures demonstrated significant increases ranging from 26.1% to 166.8% (all P<.001). Both non-Hispanic Black and White pregnant or postpartum people demonstrated shifts and sustained improvements in the treatment of severe hypertension, which did not differ by race across the study period. Process measure improvements were achieved and sustained across peaks in the COVID-19 pandemic.
CONCLUSION
This Ohio Maternal Safety Quality Improvement Project demonstrated meaningful changes in project process measures in the identification and treatment of severe hypertension in pregnancy and the postpartum period. Process measures improvements were achieved across all hospital levels of maternal care, and differences were not observed by race or ethnicity. Our findings suggest that a robust and comprehensive quality improvement initiative with appropriate support and resources can achieve meaningful gains in the setting of a global pandemic.